Phase II neoadjuvant treatment intensification trials in rectal cancer: a systematic review

Multiple phase II trials of neoadjuvant treatment intensification in locally advanced rectal cancer have reported promising efficacy signals but these have not translated into improved cancer outcomes in phase III trials. Improvements in phase II trial design are needed to reduce these false positive signals. This systematic review evaluated the design of phase II trials of neoadjuvant long-course (chemo)radiotherapy treatment intensification in locally advanced rectal cancer.

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