Gli1 is a potential cancer stem cell marker and predicts poor prognosis in ductal breast carcinoma

Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1) maintains the cancer stem cell–like characteristics in various tumors. However, its expression in cancer stem cells (CSC) in ductal breast carcinoma has not been well studied. We aimed to characterize Gli1 as a potential CSC marker and investigate its clinical significance in ductal breast carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining was used to study the relationship of Gli1 to clinicopathologic features, cell cycle regulation–related genes, and CSC markers.

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