Decadal Experience of Renal Cell Carcinoma from a Tertiary Care Teaching Institute in North India

Abstract

To study the current trends of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in terms of demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, staging, mode of management, histopathology, and survival characteristics from a high volume tertiary care teaching institute in North India. We retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients of RCC between January 2006 and December 2015 and variables like age, gender, symptoms, tumor size/location/number, stage, type of surgery, histopathology, and survival characteristics were studied. One hundred forty-four patients were included in the study. Most common age group of presentation was 50–59 years (29.8%), male to female ratio was 2.5, and majority of cases were smokers. Flank pain was the most common presenting complaint (38.2%), classical triad (pain, fever, hematuria) was present in 25%, and incidental diagnosis was made in 11.1% cases. Stage T2a was most common presentation with majority of tumors present in upper pole (27.1%). Renal vein involvement (T3a) was present in 10.4%, hilar lymph node involvement in 25%, and distant metastasis was observed in 20.1% cases. Radical nephrectomy was most common surgery performed (75%) and clear cell carcinoma was the most common histopathology (75.7%) followed by papillary (11.1%). Women reported more chromophobe type and low-grade cancers, although rest of clinico-pathological features did not show any gender difference. Mean follow-up of the study was 6–122 months with younger (< 29 years) patients reporting lower 5-year survival and higher stage disease. Renal cell carcinoma shows a different trend in our study population, compared to western data, with large size tumors and advanced stage presentation being more common.

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