PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and the immunologic milieu of bladder carcinomas: a pathologic review of 165 cases

Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a transmembrane protein that plays a major role in immune suppression. Its interaction with the receptor PD-1 results in downregulation of antitumoral immunity. Humanized monoclonal antibodies that interrupt the PD-L1/PD-1 interaction have shown therapeutic efficacy in patients with advanced urothelial cancer. However, immunohistochemical staining of PD-L1 in bladder tumors and its relationship to tumor histologic type, grade, and overall survival has been incompletely analyzed.

https://ift.tt/2NhLiSV