Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering for Rapid Detection and Characterization of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

Abstract

As the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria continues to rise, biosensing technologies are needed to enable rapid diagnosis of bacterial infections. Furthermore, understanding the unique biochemistry of resistance mechanisms can facilitate the development of next generation therapeutics. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) offers a potential solution to real-time diagnostic technologies, as well as a route to fundamental, mechanistic studies. In the current review, SERS-based approaches to the detection and characterization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria are covered. The commonly used nanomaterials (nanoparticles and nanostructured surfaces) and surface modifications (antibodies, aptamers, reporters, etc.) for SERS bacterial detection and differentiation are discussed first, and followed by a review of SERS-based detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from environmental/food processing and clinical sources. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentration testing with SERS are then summarized. Finally, recent developments of SERS-based chemical imaging/mapping of bacteria are reviewed.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based approaches to detect and characterize antibiotic-resistant bacteria are reviewed in this contribution. SERS technologies hold promise to enable rapid detection and fundamental understanding of resistance mechanisms. This review focuses on SERS-active nanomaterials (nanoparticles and nanostructured surfaces) for bacterial detection and SERS-based detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Recent developments in SERS-based antibiotic susceptibility testing and bacterial mapping are also covered.

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