High Human Immunodeficiency Virus Incidence and Prevalence and Associated Factors Among Adolescent Sexual Minority Males—3 Cities, 2015

Abstract

Background

Much has been written about the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among young (13–24) sexual minority men (SMM). Evidence for concern is substantial for emerging adult (18–24 years) SMM. Data documenting the burden and associated risk factors of HIV among adolescent SMM (<18 years) remain limited.

Methods

Adolescent SMM aged 13–18 years were recruited in 3 cities (Chicago, New York City, and Philadelphia) for interview and HIV testing. We used χ² tests for percentages of binary variables and 1-way analysis of variance for means of continuous variables to assess differences by race/ethnicity in behaviors. We calculated estimated annual HIV incidence density (number of HIV infections per 100 person-years [PY] at risk). We computed Fisher's exact tests to determine differences in HIV prevalence by selected characteristics.

Results

Of 415 sexually active adolescent SMM with a valid HIV test result, 25 (6%) had a positive test. Estimated annual HIV incidence density was 3.4/100 PY; incidence density was highest for blacks, followed by Hispanics, then whites (4.1, 3.2, and 1.1/100 PY, respectively). Factors associated with higher HIV prevalence included black race; ≥4 male partners, condomless anal sex, and exchange sex in the past 12 months; and a recent partner who was older, black, HIV-infected, or had ever been in jail or prison (P < .05).

Conclusions

HIV-related risk behaviors, prevalence, and estimated incidence density for adolescent SMM were high, especially for minority SMM. Our findings suggest that initiating intervention efforts early may be helpful in combating these trends.

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