The Cytokine TGF-β Promotes the Development and Homeostasis of Alveolar Macrophages

Alveolar macrophage (AM) development depends on GM-CSF, but whether additional factors regulate AMs is unknown. Yu et al. identified TGF-β as another cytokine critical for the development and maturation of AMs. TGF-β regulated AMs in an autocrine manner and was also essential for their self-maintenance in adult mice.

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