Protective Effects of Dietary Garlic Powder Against Cadmium-induced Toxicity in Sea Bass Liver: a Chemical, Biochemical, and Transcriptomic Approach

Abstract

To investigate the protective effect of garlic powder on cadmium-induced toxicity sea bass liver, juvenile fishes where maintained under three food diets (diet 1: normal without garlic supply, diet 2: 2% garlic powder; diet 3: 6% garlic powder). After 30 days of specific diets, each group was injected with 500 μg kg⁻¹of Cd. The control group was the one fed with normal diet and not injected with Cd. Liver Cd, Zn, and Se loads was assessed after 1 and 3 days of Cd injections. Moreover, antioxidant enzymes activities termed as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxydase as well as their gene expression levels were monitored. Finally, metallothionein protein accumulation and its gene expression regulation (MTa) were determined. In fish fed with 2 and 6% garlic powder, the amounts of Cd, Zn, and Se significantly increase in liver tissues. Two percent garlic powder specific diet reversed the Cd-induced inhibition of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and gluthathione peroxydase (GPx) and restored the Cd-induced lipid peroxidation (MDA). The increase of liver metallothionein proteins as well as the MTa gene expression level under Cd influence was more pronounced in animals maintained for 30 days under garlic power 2% diet. Our data must be carefully considered in view of the garlic powder introduction in sea bass food composition at 2% since it is an efficient prevention against Cd-induced alterations.

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