Prefrontal cortical responses in children with prenatal alcohol-related neurodevelopmental impairment: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDS) is a term that refers to a cluster of physical and neurobehavioral abnormalities, including facial dysmorphology, growth retardation, and disruption to brain development, that have been investigated for over four decades in human and animal model studies of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) (Riley et al., 2011). Although public health awareness and prevention efforts have increased as a result of these findings, recent estimates of the prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), the most severe FASD condition, have ranged from .6 to .9 percent of live births with the full range of FASDs estimated to fall between 2.4 to 4.8 percent (May et al., 2014).

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