Optimization of supercritical CO2 operative parameters to simultaneously increase the extraction yield of oil and pentacyclic triterpenes from artichoke leaves and stalks by response surface methodology and ridge analysis

Abstract

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO₂) extraction was carried out to simultaneously increase yield of extracted oil and the content of pentacyclic triterpenes from residual parts of globe artichoke. Box‐Behnken design was used to design a set of comprehensive experiments. Single and interactive effects of four processing variables (pressure, temperature, time and particle size) were investigated by response surface methodology (RSM), which was also used to establish regression model according to the synthesis score of extracted oil and pentacyclic triterpenes (PTs). On the other hand, the optimal combination of SC‐CO₂ factors was optimized by ridge analysis. As a result, the optimal combination was obtained at 22.27 MPa, 41.33 °C, particle size of 53.66 mesh within 2 hours. Besides, the oil components extracted from SC‐CO₂ and Soxhlet extraction (SE) were analysed using GC‐MS. In contrast with SE, SC‐CO₂ was more effective to increase the content of PTs in extracted oil of globe artichoke.

Practical Applications: Industrial processing of globe artichoke could cause 80‐85% waste of total plant biomass, which mainly consist the inedible parts. However, the by‐products of globe artichoke contain many kinds of nutritional compounds, such as sesterpenes and triterpenes. The application of SC‐CO₂ can extract these compounds safely and effectively. With optimization of SC‐CO₂, sustainability of processing of globe artichoke could be maintained economically.

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