68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in Patients With Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer: A Prospective, 2-Center Study

Purpose of the Report The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the detection rate of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer and its impact on patient management. Materials and Methods Patients with BCR after curatively intended treatment of prostate cancer were included. Each patient underwent a 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT. Changes in patient management based on the results of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT were assessed. Results Seventy patients were included. Sixty-four patients (91%) had radical prostatectomy, of whom 17 patients (24%) received salvage radiation therapy due to first biochemical relapse. Six patients (9%) underwent radiation therapy as the primary treatment. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT detected recurrent disease in 37 patients (53%). The detection rate was 22% for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels up to 0.5 ng/mL compared with 83% for PSA levels greater than 0.5 ng/mL. Pathological uptake of 68Ga-PSMA was observed in 4 (16%) of 21, 4 (44%) of 9, 0 of 1, 7 (70%) of 10, and 22 (88%) of 25 patients with PSA levels from 0.2 to 0.3 ng/mL, 0.31 to 0.4 ng/mL, 0.41 to 0.5 ng/mL, 0.51 to 1 ng/mL, and greater than 1 ng/mL, respectively. Prostate-specific antigen was significantly higher in PSMA-positive patients than in PSMA-negative patients. In 15 (22%) of 69 patients, the results caused a definite change in patient management, and in another 15 (22%) of 69 patients, 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT guided the choice of treatment. Conclusions 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT detects lesions in a large proportion of patients with BCR. Detection rates at low PSA levels (

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