Sharply contoured theta waves are the human correlate of ponto-geniculo-occipital waves in the primary visual cortex

Ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves are the hallmark of REM sleep in certain animal species (Siegel 2011). In the cat, PGO waves have been recorded from the pons (Jouvet et al., 1959), the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (Mikiten et al., 1961), and the occipital cortex (Mouret et al., 1963), explaining the nomenclature now used. These waves are biphasic sharp field potentials occurring as either singlets during the transition from slow wave sleep to REM sleep (type 1) or in clusters of 3-5 spikes during REM sleep showing a high correspondence to rapid eye movements (type II) (Datta, 1997; Callaway et al., 1987; Nelson et al., 1983).

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