The Five-Year Clinical and Angiographic Follow-Up Outcomes of Intracoronary Transfusion of Circulation-Derived CD34+ Cells for Patients With End-Stage Diffuse Coronary Artery Disease Unsuitable for Coronary Intervention—Phase I Clinical Trial

Objectives: This study investigated the clinical and angiographic long-term outcomes of intracoronary transfusion of circulation-derived CD34+ cells for patients with end-stage diffuse coronary artery disease unsuitable for coronary intervention. Design and Setting: A single-center prospective randomized double-blinded phase I clinical trial. Thirty-eight patients undergoing CD34+ cell therapy were allocated into groups 1 (1.0 × 107 cells/each vessel; n = 18) and 2 (3.0 × 107 cells/each vessel; n = 20). Patients: Those with end-stage diffuse coronary artery disease were unsuitable for percutaneous and surgical coronary revascularization. Interventions: Intracoronary delivery of circulation-derived CD34+ cells. Measurements and Main Results: We prospectively evaluated long-term clinical and echocardiographic/angiographic outcomes between survivors and nonsurvivors. By the end of 5-year follow-up, the survival rate and major adverse cardio/cerebrovascular event were 78.9% (30/38) and 36.8% (14/38), respectively. During follow-up period, 31.6% patients (12/38) received coronary stenting for reason of sufficient target vessel size grown-up after the treatment. Endothelial function was significantly reduced in the nonsurvivors than the survivors (p = 0.039). Wimasis image analysis of angiographic findings showed that the angiogenesis was significantly and progressively increased from baseline to 1 and 5 years (all p

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