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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term equivalent to predict the developmental outcome of the preterm infant has been shown consistently to be a stronger prognostic tool than cranial ultrasound examination, neurologic examination, or clinical factors. This finding relates to the fact that MRI more fully defines the extent of neuropathology, particularly white matter abnormalities, cerebellar hemorrhage, and impaired brain growth related to preterm birth. These neonatal MRI abnormalities are associated with a range of neurodevelopmental outcomes across childhood, as shown in longitudinal studies, including that by Anderson et al.

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