Development, validation and utility of a simulation model of the nociceptive flexion reflex threshold

The nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) is a spinal withdrawal reflex of the leg typically assessed by the biceps femoris muscle electromyogram after electrocutaneous stimulation of the sural nerve (Skljarevski and Ramadan 2002; Sandrini et al. 2005). Clinical and scientific interest in the NFR is primarily founded on the correlation of the reflex amplitude with the subjective pain magnitude (Willer et al. 1979; Chan and Dallaire 1989; Dowman 1991) and the correlation of the threshold of the NFR with the subjective pain threshold (Willer 1977; Rhudy et al.

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