Increasing antimicrobial resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella in Australia, 1979 - 2015 [PublishAheadOfPrint]

Australia has high and increasing rates of salmonellosis. To date, the serovar distribution and associated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) in Australia have not been assessed. Such information provides critical knowledge about AMR in the food chain, and informs decisions about public health. We reviewed longitudinal data on NTS in two Australian states over a thirty-seven-year period, between 1979 and 2015, and antimicrobial resistance since 1984. Overall, 17% of isolates were non-susceptible to at least one antimicrobial, 4.9% were non-susceptible to ciprofloxacin, and 0.6% were non-susceptible to cefotaxime. In total, 2.5% of isolates were from invasive infections, with no significant difference in AMR profiles between invasive and non-invasive isolates. Most isolates with clinically relevant AMR profiles were associated with travel, particularly to South East Asia, with multiple 'incursions' of virulent and resistant clones into Australia. Our findings represent the largest longitudinal surveillance system for NTS in Australia and provide valuable public health knowledge on the trends and distribution of AMR in NTS. Ongoing surveillance is critical to identify local emergence of resistant isolates.

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