Exercise performed immediately after fructose ingestion enhances fructose oxidation and suppresses fructose storage [Cardiovascular disease risk]

Background: Exercise prevents the adverse effects of a high-fructose diet through mechanisms that remain unknown.

Objective: We assessed the hypothesis that exercise prevents fructose-induced increases in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides by decreasing the fructose conversion into glucose and VLDL-triglyceride and fructose carbon storage into hepatic glycogen and lipids.

Design: Eight healthy men were studied on 3 occasions after 4 d consuming a weight-maintenance, high-fructose diet. On the fifth day, the men ingested an oral ¹³C-labeled fructose load (0.75 g/kg), and their total fructose oxidation (¹³CO₂ production), fructose storage (fructose ingestion minus ¹³C-fructose oxidation), fructose conversion into blood ¹³C glucose (gluconeogenesis from fructose), blood VLDL-¹³C palmitate (a marker of hepatic de novo lipogenesis), and lactate concentrations were monitored over 7 postprandial h. On one occasion, participants remained lying down throughout the experiment [fructose treatment alone with no exercise condition (NoEx)], and on the other 2 occasions, they performed a 60-min exercise either 75 min before fructose ingestion [exercise, then fructose condition (ExFru)] or 90 min after fructose ingestion [fructose, then exercise condition (FruEx)].

Results: Fructose oxidation was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the FruEx (80% ± 3% of ingested fructose) than in the ExFru (46% ± 1%) and NoEx (49% ± 1%). Consequently, fructose storage was lower in the FruEx than in the other 2 conditions (P < 0.001). Fructose conversion into blood ¹³C glucose, VLDL-¹³C palmitate, and postprandial plasma lactate concentrations was not significantly different between conditions.

Conclusions: Compared with sedentary conditions, exercise performed immediately after fructose ingestion increases fructose oxidation and decreases fructose storage. In contrast, exercise performed before fructose ingestion does not significantly alter fructose oxidation and storage. In both conditions, exercise did not abolish fructose conversion into glucose or its incorporation into VLDL triglycerides. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01866215.

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