Short-Term Peripheral Venous Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections: Evidence for Increasing Prevalence of Gram-Negative Microorganisms from a 25-Year Prospective Observational Study [Epidemiology and Surveillance]

Aim of this study was to describe the etiology and outcome of short-term peripheral venous catheter (PVC)-related blood-stream infections (PVCRBSI) in a 25-year period (1992-2016) and to identify predictive factors of gram-negative PVCRBSI.

This was a prospective observational study including all episodes of PVCRBSI. A multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for calendar year was built to explore factors associated with gram-negative etiology.

Over the study period, 711 episodes of PVCRBSI were identified. Incidence rate of PVCRBSI increased from 0.06 to 0.13 episodes/1000patient-days. Gram-negative etiology was demonstrated in 162 (22.8%) episodes. There was a significant increase in the proportion of gram-negative etiology (22.6% in 1992-1996 versus 33.2% in 2012-2016). Independent predictive factors of gram-negative PVCRBSI were being in the hospital for more than 7 days with a catheter in situ for more than 3 days (aOR 1.80, 95%CI 1.20-2.69), surgery in the previous month (aOR 2.39, 95%CI 1.40-4.09), and antimicrobial treatment with beta-lactams (aOR 1.80, 95%CI 1.16-2.78).

In conclusion, we reported an increase in the prevalence of gram-negative PVCRBSI over the last 25 years. Factors associated with gram-negative etiology were being in the hospital for more than 7 days with a catheter in situ for more than 3 days, having undergone surgery and having received antimicrobial treatment with beta-lactams.

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