CYP2D6 genotype and endoxifen plasma concentration do not predict hot flash severity during tamoxifen therapy

Abstract

Purpose

Tamoxifen is frequently prescribed to prevent breast cancer recurrence. Tamoxifen is a prodrug and requires bioactivation by CYP2D6. Tamoxifen use is often limited by adverse effects including severe hot flashes. There is paucity of prospectively collected data in terms of CYP2D6 genotype and measured tamoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen and endoxifen concentrations in relation to hot flash severity during tamoxifen therapy.

Methods

We conducted a longitudinal prospective study of breast cancer patients on tamoxifen (n = 410). At each visit, blood samples were collected, and patients completed a standardized hot flash survey (n = 1144) that reflected hot flash severity during the 7 days prior to the visit. Plasma concentrations of tamoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, and endoxifen were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and genotyping was carried out for CYP2D6. A linear mixed-effects regression analysis assessed the association of covariates in relation to the hot flash severity score (HFSS).

Results

Median age at first assessment was 50 years with 61.9% of patients considered peri-menopausal. Most patients (92.2%) experienced hot flash symptoms with 51.0% having low HFSS (0–4) and 7.32% experiencing HFSS > 25. Age was significantly associated with hot flash severity, with patients aged 45–59 more likely to have higher HFSS. Neither duration of tamoxifen therapy nor observed tamoxifen, endoxifen and 4-hydroxy tamoxifen plasma concentration predicted hot flash severity. Genetic variation in CYP2D6 or CYP3A4 was not predictive of hot flash severity.

Conclusions

Hot flash severity during tamoxifen therapy can not be accounted for by CYP2D6 genotype or observed plasma concentration of tamoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, or endoxifen.

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