Alcohol consumption during pregnancy and risk of small-for-gestational-age newborn

Publication date: Available online 16 August 2018

Source: Women and Birth

Author(s): J.M. Martínez-Galiano, C. Amezcua-Prieto, I. Salcedo-Bellido, R. Olmedo-Requena, A. Bueno-Cavanillas, M. Delgado-Rodriguez

Abstract

Background

Contradictory results have been published on the association of alcohol consumption during pregnancy with perinatal outcomes, including the risk of small for gestational age newborn.

Aim

To determine whether alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with the risk of small for gestational age newborn.

Method

A case-control study with 518 pairs of pregnant Spanish women in five hospitals was conducted; cases were women with small for gestational age newborn and age-matched (±2 years) controls were women with non-small for gestational age newborn. Data were gathered on demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, toxic habits, and diet. Alcohol intake was recorded with a self-administered 137 food frequency questionnaire and with a personal interview, Alcohol intake was categorized –. Agreement in alcohol intake results between direct interview and frequency food questionnaire was evaluated with the Kappa index. Crude and adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated by conditional logistic regression.

Findings

Poor agreement was observed between food frequency questionnaire and personal interview results for both cases (κ = 0.23) and controls (κ = 0.14). A food frequency questionnaire-recorded intake of less than 4 g/day was associated with a significantly lower odds ratios for small for gestational age newborn (odds ratios = 0.62, 95% confidence intervals, 0.43–0.88), whereas an interview-recorded intake of <4 g/day was not related to small for gestational age newborn (odds ratios = 0.86, 95% confidence intervals, 0.49–1.54).

Conclusions

A very moderate alcohol intake during pregnancy may have a negative association with the risk of having a small for gestational age newborn.

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