Striatal cholinergic receptor activation causes a rapid, selective, & state-dependent rise in corticostriatal β activity

Abstract

Cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic (CBT) β oscillations (15–30 Hz) are ele- vated in Parkinson's disease and correlated with movement disability. To date, no experimental paradigm outside of loss of dopamine has been able to specifically elevate β oscillations in the CBT loop. Here, we show that activation of striatal cholinergic receptors selectively increased β oscillations in mouse striatum and motor cortex. In individuals showing simultaneous β increases in both striatum and M1, β partial directed coherence (PDC) increased from striatum to M1 (but not in the reverse direction). In individuals that did not show simultaneous β increases, β PDC increased from M1 to striatum (but not in the reverse direction), and M1 was characterized by persistent β -HFO phase-amplitude cou- pling. Finally, the direction of β PDC distinguished between β subbands. This suggests: (1) striatal cholinergic tone exerts state-dependent and frequency-selective control over CBT β power and coordination; (2) on- going rhythmic dynamics can determine whether elevated β oscillations are expressed in striatum and M1; (3) altered striatal cholinergic tone differentially modulates distinct β subbands.

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