Stability of High-Performance Pt-Based Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reactions

Abstract

Due to their environmental sustainability and high efficiency, proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are expected to be an essential type of energy source for electric vehicles, energy generation, and the space industry in the coming decades. Here, the recent developments regarding shape-controlled nanostructure catalysts are reviewed, with a focus on the stability of high-performance Pt-based catalysts and related mechanisms. The catalysts, which possess great activity, are still far from meeting the requirements of their applications, due to stability issues, especially in membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs). Thus, solutions toward the comprehensive performance of Pt-based catalysts are discussed here. The research trends and related theories that can promote the application of Pt-based catalysts are also provided.

Recent developments regarding high-performance nanostructured catalysts, especially in durability, are summarized. Their durability severely limits the application of shape-controlled catalysts. Thus, the solutions to improve their durability are systematically introduced and their feasibility is also analyzed, with reference to the design of a new generation of Pt-based catalysts.

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