Differential effect of cis-eicosenoic acid positional isomers on adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells

Abstract

Cis-eicosenoic acid-rich fish oil have shown beneficial health effects towards obesity related metabolic dysfunctions. Six bioavailable cis-eicosenoic acid positional isomers (c-20:1 PIs) were examined for their effects on adipogenesis and lipid accumulation using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Cells were cultured using experimental (c-20:1 PIs-added, 50 µM) or control (oleic acid (c9-18:1, 50 µM) or no fatty acids) medium. The treatment of c-20:1 PIs, significantly (p<0.05) decreased the cellular triglyceride content compared to that of c9-18:1. Cells absorbed c-20:1 PIs at significantly (p<0.05) different percentages and has altered the fatty acid metabolism. The c15-20:1 comparatively down-regulated the transcriptional factors for adipogenesis (peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma and CCCAT enhancer binding protein alpha) and lipogenesis (sterol regulatory element binding protein-1); thus, showed comparative anti-adipogenic and anti-lipogenic effect. In conclusion, c-20:1 PIs affected differently on adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and the position of the double bond in c-20:1 influenced on their functionality.

Practical applications: The control of the adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in adipocytes via improving the composition of dietary fat is useful as a prevention measure for obesity and subsequent diseases. This study demonstrated the beneficial effect of cis eicosenoic acid (c-20:1) positional isomers particularly c15-20:1 in controlling the adipogenesis and subsequent lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Thus, food rich in 20:1 positional isomers, such as fish oil, plant seeds and nuts are useful as functional foods for the prevention of obesity and could also use as effective weight loss supplements.

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