Detection and characterization of colitis-associated cancer/dysplasia: Based on reports from the JDDW2017 and meta-analyses of prospective studies concerning endoscopic procedure

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a major risk factor for colorectal cancer. Surveillance colonoscopy is presumably important for the early detection of colitis-associated cancer/dysplasia (CC/Ds). However, it is not easy to detect certain lesions in the inflamed mucosa using white-light endoscopy (WLE), even during the remission phase. Therefore, WLE with random biopsies has been the traditional approach for dysplasia detection. Recent advances in endoscopic technologies, including high-definition endoscopy and image-enhanced endoscopy, have improved the visibility of dysplastic lesions, suggesting that novel endoscopic procedures with a target biopsy are suitable for the surveillance of CC/Ds[1]. The differential diagnosis is another problem that must be addressed when deciding on the optimum treatment. However, the diagnostic strategy for discriminating sporadic tumors from CC/Ds has not been established.

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