Abstract
Developing an effective theranostic nanoplatform remains a great challenge for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Here, BiOI@Bi2S3@BSA (bovine serum albumin) semiconductor heterojunction nanoparticles (SHNPs) for triple-combination radio/photodynamic/photothermal cancer therapy and multimodal computed tomography/photoacoustic (CT/PA) bioimaging are reported. On the one hand, SHNPs possess strong X-ray attenuation capability since they contain high-Z elements, and thus they are anticipated to be a very competent candidate as radio-sensitizing materials for radiotherapy enhancement. On the other hand, as a semiconductor, the as-prepared SHNPs offer an extra approach for reactive oxygen species generation based on electron–hole pair under the irradiation of X-ray through the photodynamic therapy process. This X-ray excited photodynamic therapy obviously has better penetration depth in bio-tissue. What's more, the SHNPs also possess well photothermal conversion efficiency for photothermal therapy, because Bi2S3 is a thin band semiconductor with strong near-infrared absorption that can cause local overheat. In vivo tumor ablation studies show that synergistic radio/photodynamic/photothermal therapy achieves more significant therapeutic effect than any single treatment. In addition, with the strong X-ray attenuation and high near-infrared absorption, the as-obtained SHNPs can also be applied as a multimodal contrast agent in CT/PA imaging.
A new nanoplatform based on bovine serum albumin coated BiOI@Bi2S3 heterojunction is designed and applied in synergistic radio/photodynamic/photothermal cancer therapy. The high-Z atoms, extra reactive oxygen species generation induced by secondary electrons, and enhanced photothermal effect can achieve efficient tumor ablation. This triple-combination therapy strategy provides better therapeutic outcomes and fewer side effects.
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