Self-Assembly of an Amphiphilic Janus Camptothecin–Floxuridine Conjugate into Liposome-Like Nanocapsules for More Efficacious Combination Chemotherapy in Cancer

The combination of camptothecin (CPT) and fluoropyrimidine derivatives acts synergistically at a 1:1 molar ratio. Practically, the greatest challenge is the development of a single liposomal formulation that can both encapsulate and maintain this drug combination at an exact 1:1 ratio to achieve coordinated pharmacokinetics. Consequently, a new type of liposome-like nanocapsule (NC) is developed from a highly symmetric Janus camptothecin–floxuridine conjugate (JCFC) amphiphile, which is synthesized by coupling two hydrophobic CPT molecules and two hydrophilic floxuridine (FUDR) molecules to multivalent pentaerythritol via a hydrolyzable ester linkage. JCFC NCs possess remarkably high drug-loading contents, and no premature release because of the highly stable co-delivery of the drug combination without the need for any carrier. It is shown that JCFC NCs consistently provide synergy and avoid antagonism in a broad panel of tumor cell lines. In vivo delivery of JCFC NCs leads to longer blood retention half-life, higher tumorous accumulation and cellular uptake of drugs, and greatly enhanced efficacy in murine tumor models compared to CPT, FUDR, and CPT + FUDR. This liposomal strategy can be extended to other hydrophilic and hydrophobic anticancer drugs that are coupled to pentaerythritol to self-assemble into nanocapsules for drug self-delivery, pointing to potential clinical translation in near future.

Novel liposome-like nanocapsules (NCs) are successfully developed from a highly symmetric Janus camptothecin–floxuridine conjugate (JCFC) amphiphile. JCFC NCs can deliver and preserve a fixed 1:1 molar ratio of the two drugs in a liposomal manner that can suppress premature burst release and coordinate the pharmacokinetics of different drugs after administration, thus resulting in higher apoptotic rate and synergetic anticancer activity.

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