Antibacterial Resistance in Ureaplasma species and Mycoplasma hominis Isolates from Urine Cultures in College-aged Females [PublishAheadOfPrint]

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect nearly 20% of women aged 15-29 and account for an estimated $3.5 billion in US costs. Antibiotic resistance prolongs UTI treatment and resistance profiles vary regionally. This regional variation is an important consideration in guiding empirical treatment selection. Regional studies in the US have identified tetracycline resistance in over a third of Ureaplasma spp. isolates, but no studies have evaluated antibiotic resistance levels in college-aged women with first-time UTI. We tested a panel of antibiotics and determined the MICs of Ureaplasma spp. (60 U. parvum; 13 U. urealyticum) and 10 Mycoplasma hominis isolates obtained from urine of college-aged women with first-time UTI. Low antibiotic resistance was found in this population of women with first-time UTI. Two U. parvum isolates were resistant: one to levofloxacin (MIC: 4 μg/ml) and one to tetracycline (MIC: 8 μg/ml). All M. hominis and U. urealyticum isolates were sensitive. For the Ureaplasma spp., MIC90s were highest against gentamicin (21 μg/ml) and lowest against doxycycline (0.25 μg/ml). When comparing MIC levels between Ureaplasma spp., U. urealyticum had significantly higher MICs against each antibiotic except doxycycline. For resistant isolates, the genetic mechanisms of resistance were determined. PCR amplification identified tetM present in the tetracycline resistant isolate, and a S83W mutation within the parC gene of the quinolone resistant isolate. To our knowledge, this study is the first to provide molecular and phenotypic evidence of the S83W parC mutation conferring levofloxacin resistance in U. parvum isolated from a patient in the United States.

http://ift.tt/2g0ksTa