Primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator in patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Objectives

The objective of this meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is to evaluate the role of primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (NICM).

Setting

A meta-analysis of RCTs performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines.

Data sources

The PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for relevant articles.

Participants

A total of 5 RCTs with 2573 patients with NICM were included.

Intervention

Primary prevention ICD, compared with medical therapy alone.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

All-cause mortality (primary outcome) and sudden cardiac death (SCD, secondary outcome).

Data analysis

Summary estimate HR were constructed using the random-effect DerSimonian and Laird's model. Multiple study-level subgroup analyses were performed, and interaction was tested using random-effect analysis.

Results

Compared with medical therapy alone, ICD placement was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.79; 95% CI 0.64 to 0.93; p<0.001; I²=0%) at a mean follow-up of 4.2 years. The risk of SCD was also lower with ICD placement (RR 0.47; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.73; p=0.001; I²=0%) compared with control. On subgroup analyses, there was a suggestion of possible effect modification by age, in which benefit was observed in age group <60 years (HR 0.64; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.89), but not with age ≥60 years (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.65 to 1.03) (P_interaction=0.058), but not with other study-level variables.

Conclusions

Compared with medical therapy alone, primary prevention ICD therapy in patients with NICM is associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality, especially in younger patients. Future dedicated studies are needed to investigate the role of primary prevention ICD in the elderly population.

PROSPEROregistrationnumber

PROSPERO CRD42016052010.

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