The interactive contributions of Na+/K+-ATPase and nitric oxide synthase to sweating and cutaneous vasodilation during exercise in the heat

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) contributes to the heat loss responses of sweating and cutaneous vasodilation. Given that NO can activate Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, which also contributes to sweating and microvasculature regulation, we evaluated the separate and combined influence of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and NOS on sweating and cutaneous vasodilation. Thirteen young (23±3 years) males performed two 30-min semi-recumbent cycling bouts in the heat (35°C) at a fixed rate of metabolic heat production (500W) followed by 20- and 40-min recoveries, respectively. Local sweat rate (LSR) and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) were measured at four forearm skin sites continuously perfused via intradermal microdialysis with either: 1) lactated Ringer (Control); 2) 6mᴍ ouabain (Ouabain), Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase inhibitor; 3) 10mᴍ L-N^G-Nitroarginine methyl ester (_L-NAME), NOS inhibitor; or 4) 6mᴍ ouabain and 10mᴍ _L-NAME (Ouabain+_L-NAME). At the end of both exercise bouts relative to Control, LSR was attenuated with Ouabain (54-60%), _L-NAME (12-13%) and Ouabain+_L-NAME (68-74%; all P<0.05). Moreover, the sum of attenuations from Control induced by independent administration of Ouabain and _L-NAME was similar to the combined infusion of Ouabain+_L-NAME (both P≥0.74). Compared to Control, CVC at the end of both exercise bouts was similar with Ouabain (both P≥0.30), but attenuated with _L-NAME (%CVC_max reduction from Control, 24–25%). Further, CVC at the Ouabain+_L-NAME site (38-39%; all P<0.01) was attenuated compared to Control and did not differ from baseline resting values (both P≥0.81). We show that Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and NOS do not synergistically mediate sweating, whereas they influence cutaneous blood flow in an interactive manner during exercise in the heat.

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