Larvicidal efficacy and chemical constituents of O. gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) essential oil against Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract

The current study accentuates the use of botanicals as an alternative to the chemical compounds in vector control by estimating the mosquito larvicidal potential of Ocimum gratissimum L. leaf essential oil against the fourth instar larvae of Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae). The chemical composition of essential oil from leaves was evaluated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. GC/MS revealed that the essential oil of O. gratissimum contained 51 compounds. The major chemical constituents identified were 3-allyl-6-methoxyphenol (19.30 %), 4-(5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo (2, 2, 2) octan-2) (16.82 %), 1-(2, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-propanol (12.23 %) and 1-(1-hydroxybutyl)-2, 5-dimethoxybenzene (5.53 %). The essential oil showed pertinent larvicidal effect, and the LC₅₀ value in 24 h was 26.10 ppm (LC₉₀ = 82.83 ppm). Aromatic plants and their essential oils are very important sources of many compounds that are used for different applications, and they are more promising pesticides or insecticides for control of mosquito populations than synthetic ones. The results of the present investigation justify the larvicidal potential of leaf essential oil of O. gratissimum as a safer and more effective larvicide against A. albopictus.

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