Amine neurotransmitters, inflammation and epithelial sodium transport

Abstract

The physiological importance of the renal actions of monoamines (dopamine, norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine) mainly depends on the sources of the amines in the kidney and on their availability to activate the amine specific receptors. Dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) are also relatively abundant in the intestine mucosal cell layer and recent evidence suggest on their physiological relevance in regulating electrolyte transport. The gastrointestinal tract can be an important site for the loss of water and electrolytes, namely accompanying intestinal inflammation. General mechanisms of epithelial cell ion transport in the gastrointestinal tract and kidney share considerable similarities, namely in what concerns basolateral Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase as a driving force for the movement of numerous substrates across the cell membrane. The present work reviews the roles of renal and intestinal dopamine and 5-HT in the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. The role of inflammatory agents at the intestinal level that affect fluid and electrolyte homeostasis is also addressed.

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