Submaximal exercise based equations to predict maximal oxygen uptake in older adults: a systematic review

Publication date: Available online 23 October 2015
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Author(s): Ashleigh E. Smith, Harrison Evans, Gaynor Parfitt, Roger Eston, Katia Ferrar
ObjectiveTo evaluate and discuss the accuracy of submaximal exercise-based equations to predict maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max), validated using direct gas analysis, in older apparently healthy adults.Data sourcesStudies were identified by searching five electronic databases and manually scanning reference lists of included articles from the respective inception of each database through to April 2015.Study selectionStudies were included if they used at least one submaximal exercise-based variable in the prediction, the actual V˙O2max was directly measured using a gas analysis device and if participants were apparently healthy older adults (mean age ≥ 65 years). Eligible studies were required to report at least one validity statistic (e.g. Pearson's product-moment correlation (r)), and either a predicted and measured V˙O2max value, or a directional significant difference between the measured and predicted V˙O2max values. No limits were placed on year of publication, but only full text, published manuscripts in the English language were included.Data extractionNine articles and 13 equations were retained from the systematic search strategy. If the same prediction equation was used across multiple trials data from the most accurate trial were reported.Data synthesisSubmaximal equations predicted directly measured maximal oxygen uptake with a moderate to strong correlation strength (r range= 0.4-0.9) Predicted V˙O2max significantly differed from directly measured in two of the 13 equations. The preferred mode of ergometry was walking or running (7 equations); a stepping protocol was the most accurate (R²=0.9, NS between predicted and measured V˙O2max).ConclusionFactors to consider when choosing a submaximal based equation are the accuracy of the equation, the population tested, mode of ergometry, equipment availability and time needed to conduct familiarisation sessions.



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