Recruitment Maneuvers and Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Titration in Morbidly Obese ICU Patients.

Objective: The approach to applying positive end-expiratory pressure in morbidly obese patients is not well defined. These patients frequently require prolonged mechanical ventilation, increasing the risk for failed liberation from ventilatory support. We hypothesized that lung recruitment maneuvers and titration of positive end-expiratory pressure were both necessary to improve lung volumes and the elastic properties of the lungs, leading to improved gas exchange. Design: Prospective, crossover, nonrandomized interventional study. Setting: Medical and surgical ICUs at Massachusetts General Hospital. Patients: Critically ill, mechanically ventilated morbidly obese (body mass index > 35 kg/m2) patients (n = 14). Interventions: This study evaluated two methods of titrating positive end-expiratory pressure; both trials were done utilizing positive end-expiratory pressure titration and recruitment maneuvers while measuring hemodynamics and respiratory mechanics. Measurements were obtained at the baseline positive end-expiratory pressure set by the clinicians, at zero positive end-expiratory pressure, at best positive end-expiratory pressure identified through esophageal pressure measurement before and after a recruitment maneuver, and at best positive end-expiratory pressure identified through a best decremental positive end-expiratory pressure trial. Measurements and Main Results: The average body mass index was 50.7 +/- 16.0 kg/m2. The two methods of evaluating positive end-expiratory pressure identified similar optimal positive end-expiratory pressure levels (20.7 +/- 4.0 vs 21.3 +/- 3.8 cm H2O; p = 0.40). End-expiratory pressure titration increased end-expiratory lung volumes ([DELTA]11 +/- 7 mL/kg; p

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