Traditional Chinese Medicine

Standardized Xin-Ke-Shu tablets improves the disturbances of lipid, energy, and amino acid metabolism in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis Yong Yang, Jing-Bo Peng, Meng Yu, Hong-Mei Jia, Hong-Wu Zhang, Zhong-Mei Zou World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2019 5(2):71-80 Objective: Xin-Ke-Shu (XKS), a patent drug, used to treat coronary artery diseases in China for many years. Previous research indicates that XKS has similar therapeutic effect as atorvastatin (AS) against atherosclerotic in rabbits. However, biochemical assays demonstrate that XKS could have a different therapeutic mechanism from AS. The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism of XKS therapeutic effect, especially those different from AS. Materials and Methods:1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomics were applied to profile the low-molecular-weight polar metabolites in the plasma of rabbits fed a high cholesterol diet. Results: Seven of the eleven pathological biomarkers related to atherosclerosis in rabbits were mediated by XKS treatment, namely low-density lipoprotein/very-low-density lipoprotein (LDL/VLDL), lactate, citrate, phosphatidylcholine, glutamine, creatinine, and methionine, as well as two characteristic metabolites of pyruvate and α-glucose. These metabolites involved lipid, energy, and amino acid metabolism, and all could be considered XKS treatment targets. However, AS only affected the metabolic disorders associated with LDL/VLDL and phosphatidylcholine, which is mainly target lipid metabolism. Conclusions: This study indicates that the anti-atherosclerosis effects of AS mainly involve reducing blood–lipid levels, but those of XKS involve a multitargeted activity.

Traditional Chinese medicine syndromes distribution in colorectal cancer and its association with Western Medicine Treatment and Clinical Laboratory Indicators Meng-Die Yang, Xiao-Le Chen, Xue-Qing Hu, Xiao-Zheng Xie, Wen-Jun Zhou, Chun-Gen Zhou, Bin Jiang, Qing Ji, Qi Li, Peng Wang, Zhi-Qiang Meng, Wen-Hai Wang, Yuan-Jia Hu, Shi-Bing Su World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2019 5(2):81-87 Objective: The objective of the study is to explore the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome distribution in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its correlation with treatment methods and clinical laboratory indicators. Materials and Methods: Using the CRC cases report form of TCM, 760 CRC patients with TCM four diagnosis information, western medicine treatment information and clinical laboratory indicators were collected, and TCM syndromes distribution in CRC were summarized. The correlation between TCM syndrome type and western medicine treatments, clinical laboratory indicators such as liver and kidney function, immune function, and tumor biomarkers was analyzed. Results: In 760 cases of CRC, Spleen deficiency syndrome (SDS, 25%), liver and kidney Yin deficiency syndrome (LKYDS, 13%), LKYDS-SDS, 12%, spleen deficient Qi stagnation syndrome (SDQSS, 10%), and damp heat syndrome (DHS, 9%) were more common TCM syndrome types. LKYDS, SDS, LKYDS-SDS, and SDQSS were significantly distributed under different treatment methods (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of immune function and cytokine among the five TCM syndromes (P > 0.05), but there was statistically significant difference in the distribution of blood routine, liver and kidney function, and tumor biomarkers (P < 0.05). Conclusion: LKYDS, SDS, LKYDS-SDS, SDQSS, and DHS were the first five TCM syndromes in CRC. There were the significant correlations between the distribution of TCM syndrome and the clinical laboratory indicators, and the distribution of TCM syndromes was affected by surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.

Optimization model research on major underlying factors in the subhealth condition evaluation in 1 City and 7 Provinces in China Hong-Mei Ni, Yu-Min He, Xu-Ming Yang World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2019 5(2):88-94 Background: The study aimed to analyze major underlying factors of the subhealth condition evaluation and find the optimization model. Methods: Selected 524 cases of health state and 453 cases of subhealth state from the research objects. A genetic algorithm was applied to discover the optimization model. The decision tree algorithm was used to find the main performance in the areas of physical, psychological, and social adaptation in the two populations which were the health state and the subhealth state. Conclusions: To establish the optimization model, the author would set up a curve-fitting equation between reduction of health self-assessment score (S-G1) and white blood cell (WBC) value in routine blood, so as to establish the relationship between S-G1 and WBC and found the approximate minimum solution of each equation. Besides, the author would analyze the differences between two populations in WBC examination to seize the difference. Revealed the differences of two populations in the areas of physical, psychological, and social adaptation by data mining and got the result that WBC of “the health state population” was higher than that of “the sub-health state population” in the index changes of WBC. The problem in social adaptation area of the subhealth state population was more serious in degree than the health state population; the reason was complex. If WBC of the health state population was near or below 5.5079, the object may be in the state of subhealth. However, if WBC was near or below 4.35, it is possible to enter the “morbid state.”

Anluohuaxianwan alleviates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats through upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-Gamma and downregulation of nuclear factor-Kappa B/IκBα signaling pathway Lin Wang, Wei Lu, Yu-Hua Gao, Hai-Jiang Yan, Fei Pei, Xue-En Liu, Hui Zhuang World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2019 5(2):95-103 Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine Anluohuaxianwan (ALHXW) on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways using a rat model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis. Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into three groups: control, model, and treatment. The model and treatment groups were injected intraperitoneally with 40% CCl4(2 ml/kg), and the control group was given saline (2 ml/kg) twice a week for 6 weeks. In parallel, the treatment group was gavaged with ALHXW solution daily, while the control and model groups were gavaged with saline for 6 weeks. Liver function was measured, and liver fibrosis and necroinflammation were assessed. Protein and messenger RNA expression levels of PPARγ, NF-κB, and Inhibitor α of NF-κB (IκBα) were analyzed by Western blot and reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: ALHXW markedly alleviated liver injury compared with the model group, as indicated by the improvements in disease status, the morphology of liver and spleen, the liver and spleen indexes, and liver function. The extent of liver fibrosis was improved, hepatic stellate cell activation was inhibited, the expression of PPARγ and IκBα was significantly higher, and the expression of NF-κB was significantly lower in the treatment group as compared with the model group. Conclusions: ALHXW treatment can alleviate CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats, and the potential antifibrogenic mechanisms may occur through the upregulation of PPARγ expression and downregulation of NF-κB/IκBα signaling pathway.

Active compounds and molecular targets of Chinese herbal medicine for neurogenesis in stroke treatment: Implication for cross talk between Traditional Chinese Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Xi Chen, Han-Sen Chen, Cheng Peng, Jian-Gang Shen World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2019 5(2):104-115 Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) could be attractive therapeutic targets for promoting adult neurogenesis, brain plasticity, and repair in stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, raising great potentials for regeneration therapy. In adult ischemic brains, NSCs have limited capacities of growth, differentiation, and generating new neurons for repairing the damaged central nervous system. However, the spontaneous brain repair seems to be insufficient to recover neurological deficits in most stroke cases. To overcome those problems, pharmacological manipulations targeting on endogenous NSCs or transplanted stem cells could be a promoting strategy for regeneration therapy. Chinese herbal medicine has great potentials for developing novel therapeutic strategies for adult neurogenesis and brain repair in poststroke treatment. Chinese herbal medicine has a long history for poststroke treatment. Recent studies create great opportunity for drug discovery for promoting neurogenesis and improving the recovery of neurological functions in poststroke treatment. Many active compounds or extracts from medicinal herbs have shown promising effects on regulating proliferation, self-renewal and differentiation of NSCs, and promoting neural network formation as well as neurological functional recovery with in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence. Therefore, targeting neural stem/progenitor cells can be an important opportunity for the studies of Traditional Chinese Medicine in regeneration medicine. Due to the complex interactions of herbal ingredients in network regulation, huge challenge remains to be resolved for further study.

Advances in chemical constituents and quality control of turmeric Zhan-Peng Shang, Lu-Lu Xu, Ying-Ying Lu, Meng Guan, De-Yun Li, Zhi-Yong Le, Zong-Li Bai, Xue Qiao, Min Ye World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2019 5(2):116-121 Turmeric, derived from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae), is one of the most popular herbal medicines. Its main bioactive constituents include curcuminoids, sesquiterpenes, and terpecurcumins. It exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. With the rapid development of analytical technologies, remarkable progress has been made in studies of turmeric. This review article summarizes research advances in chemical analysis and quality control of turmeric from 2009 to 2018.

Research progress on the intervening effects of active components of Chinese herbs on amyloid-beta-induced injury of neural cells Hang-Xuan Wu, Er-Wei Hao, Zheng-Cai Du, Jian-Feng Qin, Wei Wei, Xiang-Long Pan, Jin-Ling Xie, Xiao-Tao Hou, Jia-Gang Deng World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2019 5(2):122-130 Alzheimer's disease is a common clinical central nervous system degenerative disease. From 1906, it has not yet been clearly revealed the pathogenesis, and there are no clinically safe and effective drugs. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) cascade reaction theory is currently recognized as the pathogenesis. Aβ deposition of neurotoxicity is an important part of the pathogenesis. There are Aβ-induced inflammation of the central nervous and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis induced by a variety of ways leading to neuronal dysfunction and death. This article summarizes the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine that has a protective effect on Aβ toxicity in recent years. Traditional Chinese medicine mainly through the antiapoptosis, antioxidation, and anti-inflammatory reduces Aβ production and deposition of Aβ on the protection of nerve cell injury.

Modern research of Tibetan medicine Shuang-Jie Yang, Zhi-Yin Wang, Hui-Hui Zhao, Xiao-Qiao Ren World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2019 5(2):131-138 Tibetan medicine is one of the important components of our national medicine. In recent years, research on Tibetan medicine has gradually deepened from quality control, formulation research, chemical composition, and pharmacological effects. In addition, clinical application and experimental research have made great progress. This paper summarizes the latest developments in Tibetan medicine theory and experimental research, in order to provide reference for the development and clinical application of Tibetan medicine in the future.

Alexandros Sfakianakis
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