NADPH oxidases derived ROS: Dosis facit venenum

New Findings

What is the topic of this review? Within this review, the role of reactive oxygen species in cellular homeostasis, physiology and pathophysiology is discussed. What advances does it highlight? The review provides new concepts of how reactive oxygen species influence gene expression, energy consumption and other aspects in a cells life. Further a model is provided, how reactive oxygen species elicit specific oxidation of target molecules.

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species have a long history of bad reputation. They are needed and quite effective in host defense, but on the other hand may induce situations of oxidative stress.

Besides that, within the last years, several soft functions of NADPH oxidases have been discovered, which slowly erode the image of the solely dangerous ROS. NADPH oxidase derived ROS serve to ease or enable signal transduction and to maintain homeostasis. However, there is still an enormous lag of knowledge concerning target proteins and how ROS may elicit specific signaling in different cells and tissue. The present review summarizes some important functions of Nox2 and Nox4. Further, although highly speculative, a model is provided of how those NADPH oxidases may be able to oxidize target proteins in a specific way. Many concepts mentioned in this review, represent my personal view and are only partially supported by published studies.

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