Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Use in Cardiogenic Shock: Impact of Age on In-Hospital Mortality, Length of Stay, and Costs

Objectives: Increasing age is a well-recognized risk factor for in-hospital mortality in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for cardiogenic shock, but the shape of this relationship is unknown. In addition, the impact of age on hospital length of stay, patterns of patient disposition, and costs has been incompletely characterized. Design: Retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample. Setting: U.S. nonfederal hospitals, years 2004–2016. Patients: Adults with cardiogenic shock treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (3,094; weighted national estimate: 15,415). Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: The mean age of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation recipients was 54.8 ± 15.4 years (range, 18–90 yr). Crude in-hospital mortality was 57.7%. Median time-to-death was 8 days (interquartile range, 3–17 d). A linear relationship between age and in-hospital mortality was observed with a 14% increase in the adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality for every 10-year increase in age (adjusted odds ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.08–1.21; p

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