Heterogeneity in Outcomes Among β-Blockers Elucidated by Intradialytic Data

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5 requiring hemodialysis (CKD-5HD) routinely experience a dynamic procedure in HD that poorly supplants the continuous function of kidneys. In addition to the risk presented by reduced clearance and maladaptive responses to kidney disease, dialysis potentially poses an independent risk to several clinical outcomes. Beyond what is deemed "adequate" clearance per measured Kt/V, little is understood about the impact of adjusting prescriptive variables involved in HD, particularly those that affect hemodynamics.

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