Toll-like Receptor 9 Contains Two DNA Binding Sites that Function Cooperatively to Promote Receptor Dimerization and Activation

TLR9 recognizes DNAs with unmethylated CpG motifs and activates innate immune responses. Ohto et al. identify another TLR9 binding motif, the 5′-xCx DNA motif, and determine the tertiary structure of TLR9 in complex with CpG and 5′-xCx DNAs to reveal a cooperative activation mechanism of TLR9 by two types of DNAs.

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