Anthracycline and trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer

OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. In the last twenty years early diagnosis, neoadjuvant and adjuvant systemic treatment that targeted to specific molecular targets have significantly reduced the mortality from breast cancer. However, the increase in survival has allowed to observe the cardiotoxic effects of anticancer therapy and increased mortality from cardiovascular causes, resulting in a large literature where experts try to identify the correct management of this critical problem. Even thought the increased attention in this field, many questions have not yet answers and new studies are needed.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a broad search of the English-language literature in Medline using the following search terms: cardiotoxicity, anthracyclines, trastuzumab, breast cancer, left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure. A manual examination of the articles found has been performed.

RESULTS: We provide a comprehensive assessment of the current knowledge about cardiotoxicity induced by anthracycline plus trastuzumab in women affected by breast cancer.

CONCLUSIONS: Early identification and prompt treatment of subclinical cardiotoxicity may improve cardiologic prognosis of these patients and may allow oncologists to avoid withdrawal of chemotherapy. That is why it becomes always more important the creation of multidisciplinary teams where cardiologists and oncologists work together to ensure optimal care to oncologic patients treated with cardiotoxic agents.

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