A regulated multiscale closed-loop cardiovascular model, with applications to hemorrhage and hypertension

Summary

A computational tool is developed for simulating the dynamic response of the human cardiovascular system to various stressors and injuries. The tool couples zero-dimensional models of the heart, pulmonary vasculature, and peripheral vasculature to one-dimensional models of the major systemic arteries. To simulate autonomic response, this multiscale circulatory model is integrated with a feedback model of the baroreflex, allowing control of heart rate, cardiac contractility, and peripheral impedance. The performance of the tool is demonstrated in two scenarios: neurogenic hypertension by sustained stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, and an acute 10 percent hemorrhage from the left femoral artery. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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