Abstract
Hazelnut oil is a good source for its high oleic acid and tocopherol contents. Since tocopherols are beneficial compounds in human diet, preservation of tocopherols in oil plays a great role in refining process. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum molecular distillation conditions for deacidification of crude hazelnut oil at which free fatty acids (FFAs) were removed while tocopherols were preserved as much as possible. A short-path distillation column was used with evaporation temperatures ranging from 110 to 190 °C and vacuums from 0.05 to 5 mmHg for deacidification. Multiobjective optimization was performed for minimizing tocopherol loss and maximizing FFA removal simultaneously. Results revealed that higher temperature and vacuums achieved more deacidification in residual oil. FFA content was reduced to 2.05% at 190 °C and 0.05 mmHg. On the other hand, tocopherol concentrations were considerably affected at this condition while they remained almost stable at other conditions. Optimized conditions for removal of FFAs and protecting of tocopherols in crude hazelnut oil were calculated as 188.65 °C and 0.14 mmHg. For verification, an additional distillation was carried out at the calculated conditions, and the results were found very close to that of optimized conditions.
Practical applications: Physical refining or vacuum distillation process is a substitute to conventional refining which causes excessive neutral oil losses during neutralization. However, heat treatment for long periods of time may inevitably cause degradation of beneficial compounds such as tocopherols. For this purpose, this study focused on optimizing molecular distillation conditions at which maximum tocopherol and minimum FFA could be obtained simultaneously. Outcomes would be useful for industrial physical refining plants dealing with optimum points for the same purpose.
http://ift.tt/2BalyAp
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