AJKD Atlas of Renal Pathology: CKD of Unknown Cause (CKDu); Mesoamerican Nephropathy

CKDu describes endemic chronic kidney disease without known etiology, most commonly occurring in developing countries. In Central America, the term Mesoamerican nephropathy (MeN) has been used. MeN is slowly progressive and mostly affects male agricultural workers of Central America, with most patients between the ages of 20 and 60 years. In endemic regions in Central America, up to 20% of men have CKD, and most are without the traditional risk factors of diabetes, hypertension, or obesity. Similar CKDu has been described in Sri Lanka, but these patients often have hypertension and some proteinuria.

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