Sleep convulsive seizures predict lack of remission in genetic generalized epilepsies: A retrospective study from a single epilepsy center in Egypt

Background

Genetic generalized epilepsies (GGEs) represent 15-20% of all epilepsies. There are no studies on the outcome of GGEs in the Middle East.

Aims

To investigate the long-term prognosis of GGEs and identify prognostic predictors in Egypt.

Material & Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study of consecutive children and adults with GGEs seen in an epilepsy clinic in Cairo, Egypt, followed for 10+ years. Follow-up visits were scheduled every 3-6 months or earlier. Demographic and clinical prognostic predictors were collected. Presence and number of seizure types were noted along with the number and doses of drugs. The outcome was defined as 5-year remission (5yrR), relapse, or no remission. The probability of 5yrR was calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Prognostic predictors were assessed with Cox proportional models.

Results

Included were 120 patients (males, 41.7%), mean age at onset 13.6 years, followed for a mean of 12.5 years (range 10-20). Generalized tonic-clonic seizures were present in 93.3% of cases, followed by myoclonic (65%) and absence seizures (37.5%). 85 cases (70.8%) attained 5yrR (18 of them off-medications) and 59.1% had a relapse. The cumulative probability of starting 5yrR was 6.7%, 30.8%, and 50% at onset, 5 and 10 years. Only absence of sleep seizures was an independent predictor of 5yrR (Hazard ratio, 2.08; 95% CI 1.01-4.33).

Discussion

Our findings are in keeping with others. The negative effects of sleep seizures are not unexpected because further unrecognized seizures might be expected.

Conclusions

Prolonged remission of GGEs is high and compatible with treatment discontinuation. Sleep seizures are negative prognostic predictors.

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