Evaluation of low-level laser therapy on skeletal muscle ischemia–reperfusion in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by assaying biochemical markers and histological changes

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on skeletal muscle ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injuries in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into two experimental groups, as follows: the diabetic IR group (G1, n = 10) and the diabetic IR + LLLT group (G2, n = 10). Ischemia was induced in anesthetized rats from the right femoral artery clipping for 2 h, followed by a reperfusion for 24 h. Then, the laser irradiation (K30 handheld probe, AZOR, Technica, Russia, 650 nm, 30 mW, surface area = 1 cm², energy density = 1.8 J/cm²) was carried out by irradiating the rats over a unique point on the skin over the middle region of the right gastrocnemius muscle belly three times (every 8 h), starting after initiating the reperfusion for 3 min. At the end of the reperfusion period, rats were anaesthetized and blood samples were collected and used for the estimation of pO₂, pCO₂, pH, HCO₃, serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Subsequently, the right gastrocnemius muscle samples were taken for wet/dry weight ratio assessment and histological/biochemical examination. The pO₂, pCO₂, HCO₃, and pH levels were similar for both groups (P > 0.05). The serum LDH and CPK levels were significantly lower (P < 0.05) for G2 compared to G1. In comparison to G1, tissue malondialdehyde level in G2 was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In G2, superoxide dismutase activity was significantly increased compared to G1 (P < 0.05). Unlike G2, a significant decrease in the activity of catalase was observed in G1 (P < 0.05). The wet/dry ratio in G1 was significantly higher than that of G2 (P < 0.05). Histological examination confirmed that the extent of muscle changes in G1 was higher than G2 (P < 0.05). Finally, according to this study, LLLT has a beneficial effect on the IR muscle injury treatment in the diabetic rats. Therefore, we suggest that further research needs to be conducted using different laser parameters and examining response over a longer period of tissue recovery.

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