Gastrointestinal Bleeding Scintigraphy in the Early 21st Century

Gastrointestinal bleeding scintigraphy (GIBS) performed with ^99mTc-labeled autologous erythrocytes or historically with ^99mTc-sulfur colloid has been a clinically useful tool since the 1970s. This article reviews history of the techniques, the different methods of radiolabeling erythrocytes, an overview of the procedure along with useful indications, diagnostic accuracy and new techniques that one may find useful in their clinic including the use of single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) in the evaluation of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. A brief discussion of computed tomography angiography (CTA) evaluation for GI bleeding is also given. Causes of pediatric bleeding are discussed by age along with Meckel's diverticulum imaging.

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